ASTM A335 Alloy Steel Pipe

A335 P9 Alloy Steel Pipe ASTM A335/ASME SA335 Gr. P5, P9, P11, P22, P91

Standard: ASTM A335
grade:P1, P2,P5,P9,P11,P91,P92
OD:10.3-660mm
WT:1.6-60mm
Length:5.8m-12m or random legth
Technical: Quenching & Tempering
Application: Gas fire power plant, coal fire power plant, headers and steam lines, Feed water pipes, superheaters, and reheaters.

A335 P9 Alloy Steel Pipe that covers “chrome-moly” seamless pipes with remarkable resistance to corrosion and good tensile strength at high-temperature service. Generally, ASTM A335 P11, P22, and P91 pipes are used in power generation and downstream oil and gas, P5 and P9 grades are for refinery applications.

How to define alloy pipes?
Alloy pipes are tubular with higher percentages, than standard carbon steel pipes, of alloying elements as Molybdenum (Mo), Chromium (Cr), Nickel, etc. Actually, the ASTM A335 covers “low-alloy” steel pipes, i.e. pipes that have a total amount of alloying elements below 5%. The addition of higher percentages of alloying elements (for example Nickel and Chromium) transforms the steel into higher alloys, like stainless steel, duplex, up to super-alloyed materials like Inconel, Hastelloy, Monel, etc.
Alloy steel pipes are used in the energy industry for high temperature and very low-temperature service (cryogenic), or applications with very high pressures.
ASTM A335 alloy steel pipes fit ASTM A234 WPx series buttweld fittings (WP5, WP9, WP91) and A182 Fx forged fittings and flanges (A182 F5, F9, F11, F22, F91). All these materials have similar chemical and mechanical properties and can be joined or welded.

Alloying elements
The addition of Molybdenum (“Moly”) increases the strength of the steel and its elastic limit, enhances the steel resistance to wear, its impact qualities, and the hardenability. It also improves the resistance to softening, makes chromium steel less prone to embrittlement, and prevents pitting.
Chromium, a key element also for stainless steel alloys, prevents steel oxidation at elevated temperatures and increases the resistance of steel to corrosion. It enhances the tensile, yield, and hardness properties of low-alloy pipes at room temperatures.
Other alloying elements, present in various degrees in pipes of all grades are:
1. Aluminum: decreases oxygen from steelmaking
2. Boron: used to produce fine grain size and enhance steel hardness
3. Cobalt: used to enhance the steel’s heat and wear-resistance
4. Manganese: gives better steel hardenability
5. Nickel: Enhances toughness, hardenability, and impact strength at low temperatures
6. Silicon: decreases oxygen, enhances hardenability and toughness
7. Titanium: prevents precipitation of chromium carbide
8. Tungsten: refines steel grain size and enhance the steel hardness, especially at high temperatures
9. Vanadium: gives steel enhanced fatigue resistance
As mentioned, low-alloy steels have a total amount of alloying elements below 5%; high alloy steel has a higher percentage of these elements.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
The types of alloy steel covered by the ASTM A335 – ASME SA335 specification are designed with a “P” prefix, from P5 to P92. Grades P11/P22 and P91/92 are typically found in power stations, whereas grade P5 and P9 are more common for application in the petrochemical industry. Grades P9 and P91 are in the list, the more expensive (a P91 seamless pipe may cost approx 5€ per kg.).

ASTM A335 Low-Alloy Steel (Grades)	UNS equivalent	C≤	Mn	P≤	S≤	Si≤	Cr	Mo
P1	K11522	0.10~0.20	0.30~0.80	0.025	0.025	0.10~0.50	–	0.44~0.65
P2	K11547	0.10~0.20	0.30~0.61	0.025	0.025	0.10~0.30	0.50~0.81	0.44~0.65
P5	K41545	0.15	0.30~0.60	0.025	0.025	0.5	4.00~6.00	0.44~0.65
P5b	K51545	0.15	0.30~0.60	0.025	0.025	1.00~2.00	4.00~6.00	0.44~0.65
P5c	K41245	0.12	0.30~0.60	0.025	0.025	0.5	4.00~6.00	0.44~0.65
P9	S50400	0.15	0.30~0.60	0.025	0.025	0.50~1.00	8.00~10.00	0.44~0.65
P11	K11597	0.05~0.15	0.30~0.61	0.025	0.025	0.50~1.00	1.00~1.50	0.44~0.65
P12	K11562	0.05~0.15	0.30~0.60	0.025	0.025	0.5	0.80~1.25	0.44~0.65
P15	K11578	0.05~0.15	0.30~0.60	0.025	0.025	1.15~1.65	–	0.44~0.65
P21	K31545	0.05~0.15	0.30~0.60	0.025	0.025	0.5	2.65~3.35	0.80~1.60
P22	K21590	0.05~0.15	0.30~0.60	0.025	0.025	0.5	1.90~2.60	0.87~1.13
P91	K91560	0.08~0.12	0.30~0.60	0.02	0.01	0.20~0.50	8.00~9.50	0.85~1.05
P92	K92460	0.07~0.13	0.30~0.60	0.02	0.01	0.5	8.50~9.50	0.30~0.60

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

A335 Low-Alloy Pipe	UNS Number	Yield Strength ksi	Tensile Strength ksi	Elongation %	Rockwell	Brinell
P1	K11522	30	55	30	–	–
P2	K11547	30	55	30	–	–
P5	K41545	40	70	30	–	207 max
P9	S50400	30	60	30	–	–
P11	K11597	30	60	20	–	–
P12	K11562	32	60	30	–	174 max
P22	K21590	30	60	30	–	–
P91	K91560	60	85	20	–	–

TESTING REQUIREMENTS
1.Transverse/longitudinal: tension and flattening, hardness, bend tests- for material that has been heat-treated in batch furnaces, these tests shall be made on the 5% of the pipes from each heat lot number. For smaller lots, one pipe at a minimum has to be tested
2.ASTM A335 Gr. P91 shall have a hardness of 250 HB / 265 HV (25 HRC)
3.Hydro testing: shall be applied to every length of pipe
4.The non-destructive electric test is optional

TOLERANCES

A335 Pipe	Over	Under
NPS [DN]	in.	mm	in.	mm
1/8 to 1 1/2 / DN 6 to 40	1/64 (0.015)	0.4	1/64 (0.015)	0.4
Over 1 1/2 to 4 / DN 40 to 100	1/32 (0.031)	0.79	1/32 (0.031)	0.79
Over 4 to 8 / DN 100 to 200	1/16 (0.062)	1.59	1/32 (0.031)	0.79
Over 8 to 12 / DN 200 to 300	3/32 (0.093)	2.38	1/32 (0.031)	0.79
Over 12 / > DN 300	+/- 1% of the specified outside diameter

DIAMETER WALL THICKNESS
The tolerances in WT, in %, from specified are:
1.1/8 to 2 1/2 [6 to 65] incl., all t/D ratios: over 20%, under 12.5%
2.Above 2 1/2 [65], t/D < or = 5%: over 22.5%, under 12.5%
3.Above 2 1/2 [65], t/D > 5%: over 15%, under 12.5%
4.t = Specified Wall Thickness; D = Specified Outside Diameter)

ALLOY PIPE CROSS REFERENCE TABLE ASTM vs. EN GRADES

Chrome Moly Pipes: Werkstoff vs EN vs ASTM
Werkstoff /DIN	EN	ASTM
1.5415	16Mo3	A335 Grade P1
1.7335	13CrMo4-5	A335 Grade P11, P12
1.7380	10CrMo9-10	A335 Grade P22
1.7362	X11CrMo5	A335 Grade P5
		A335 Grade P9
1.4903	X10CrMoVNb9-1	A335 Grade P91

A335 steel pipe Heat Treatment:
A335 pipes shall be reheated and furnished in the full-annealed, iso thermal annealed, or normalized and tempered condition. If furnished in the normalized and tempered condition, the minimum tempering temperature for Grades P5, P5b, P9, P21, and P22 shall be1250°F [675°C], the minimum tempering temperature for Grades P1, P2, P11, P12, and P 15 shall be 1200°F [650°C].
Pipe of Grades P1, P2, and P12, either hot-finished or cold drawn, may be given a final heat treatment at 1200°F[650°C] to 1300°F [705°C] instead of heat treatments.

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